Most communication satellites are radio relay stations in orbit and carry dozens of transponders, each with a bandwidth of tens of megahertz. Because of the high launch cost to space, satellites are designed to be as lightweight and robust as possible. Similar satellites can work together as a group, forming constellations. Many satellites use a standardized bus to save cost and work, the most popular of which is small CubeSats.
Most satellites also have a method of communication to ground stations, called transponders. Other satellites include the final rocket stages that placed satellites in orbit and formerly useful satellites that are now defunct.Įxcept for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Additional military uses are reconnaissance, early warning, signals intelligence and, potentially, weapon delivery. Satellites have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation (GPS), broadcasting, scientific research, and Earth observation. Two CubeSats orbiting around Earth after being deployed from the ISS Kibō module's Small Satellite Orbital DeployerĪ satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space.
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